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REFERENSI

 

 

  1. MARSDEN J, HOUSE I. The chemistry of gold extraction [M]. London, UK: Ellis Horwood Ltd, 1992: 230−264.

  2. HISKEY J B. Current status of U.S. gold and silver heap leaching operations [C]// HISKEY J B. Au & Ag Heap and Dump Leaching Practice. Colorado, US: AIME, 1983: 1−7.

  3. GASPARRINI C. The mineralogy of silver and its significance in metal extraction [J]. CIM Bulletin, 1984, 77(86): 99−110.

  4. CRUELLS M, ROCA A, PATI. F, SALINAS E, RIVERA I. Cyanidation kinetics of argentian jarosite in alkaline media [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2000, 55(2): 153−165.

  5. LUNA R M, LAPIDUS G T. Cyanidation kinetics of silver sulfide [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2000, 56(2): 171−188.

  6. CRUZ R, LUNA-S. CHEZ R M, LAPIDUS G T, GONZ?EZ I, MONROY M. An experimental strategy to determine galvanic interactions affecting the reactivity of sulfide mineral concentrates [J].Hydrometallurgy, 2005, 78(2): 198−208.

  7. LOROESCH J, KNORRE H, GRIFFITHS A. Developments in gold leaching using hydrogen peroxide [J]. Mining Engineering, 1989, 41(9): 963−965.

  8. DUTRIZAC J E. The leaching of silver sulfides in ferric ion media [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 1994, 35(3): 275−292.

  9. NUGENT A, BRACKENBURY K, KINNER J. AuPLUS systems for the treatment of gold ores using hydrogen peroxide and calcium peroxide [C]// World Gold’91. Queensland: AIMMEM, 1991: 173−176.

  10. DESCHENES G, ROUSSEAUB M, TARDIFC J, PRUD'HOMMEA P J H. Effect of the composition of some sulphide minerals on cyanidation and use of lead nitrate and oxygen to alleviate their impact [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 1998, 50(2): 201−205.

  11. XIE F, DREISINGER D. Leaching of silver sulfide with ferricyanide-cyanide solution [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2007, 88(1/4): 98−10

  12. LEVICH V G. Physicochemical hydrodynamics [M]. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1962: 688−689.

  13. JEFFREY M I, RITCHIE I M. The leaching and electrochemistry of gold in high purity cyanide solutions [J]. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 2001, 148(4): D29−D36.

  14. WADSWORTH M E. Surface processes in silver and gold cyanidation [J]. International Journal of Minerals Processing, 2000, 58(1/4): 351−368.

  15. GUZMAN L, SEGARRA M, CHIMENOS J M, CABOT P L, ESPIELL F. Electrochemistry of conventional gold cyanidation [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 1999, 44(16): 2625−2632.

  16. Robert Moran, Ph.D., “Cyanide in Mining: Some Observations on the Chemistry, Toxicity, and Analysis of Mining Related Waters.” Invited Paper, Presented at the Central Asia Ecology- 99 Meeting, Lake Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan. Sponsored by Soros Foundation. June 1999. Available on the web at http://www.mpi.org.au/features/esm_background.html  (note the underscore) or contact Robert Moran at remoran@aol.com.

  17. Robert Moran, Ph.D., “Cyanide Uncertainties: Observations on the Chemistry, Toxicity, and Analysis of Cyanide in Mining Related Waters.”  Mineral Policy Center Issue Paper No. 1. Available on the web at http://www.mineralpolicy.org/publications/issuepapers.php3?nav=4.

  18. “Cyanide Spill at Baia Mare Romania.” United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Assessment Mission. March 2000.
    Available on the web at http://www.unep.ch/roe/baiamare.htm.

  19. Ahsan 1989. "Detoxification of Cyanide in Heap Leach Piles Using Hydrogen Peroxide", Ahsan, M Q, et al., In World Gold, proceedings of the First Joint SME/Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Meeting, R. Bhappu and R. Ibardin (editors), 1989.

  20. Altringer 1991. Altringer, P B, Lien, R H., Gardner, K R, Biological and Chemical Selenium Removal From Precious Metals Solutions, proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Management for the 1990s, Denver, Colorado, February 25-28, 1991.

  21. BOM 1978. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Processing Gold Ores Using Heap Leach-Carbon Adsorption Methods, Information Circular No. 8770, Washington, DC, 1978.

  22. BOM 1978. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines,Processing gold ores using heap leachsarbon adsorption methods / by H. J. Heinen, D. G. Peterson, and R. E. Lindstrom. [Washington] : U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Bureau of Mines, 1978.

  23. BOM 1984. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Gold and Silver Leaching Practices in the United States, Information Circular No. 8969, Washington, DC, 1984.

  24. BOM 1986. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Precious Metals Recovery for Low-Grade Resources, proceedings of the Bureau of Mines Open Industry Briefing Session at the National Western Mining Conference, Denver, Colorado, February 12, 1986. Information Circular No. 9059. Washington, DC.

  25. J. S. At,. Inst. Min. Metal/., vol. 88, no. 8. Aug. 1988. pp. 257-264. Process options for the retreatment of gold- bearing material from sand dumps by P.J. VANSTADENt and P.A. LAXEN

  26. THE ASSAYING AND REFINING OF GOLD A Guide for the Gold Jewellery Producer by Peter Raw, Publication Date: April 1997 Reprinted 2001 Published by the World Gold Council, Industrial Division, Times Place, 45 Pall Mall, London SW1Y 5JG
    Telephone: +44 (0)20 7930 5171. Fax: +44 (0)20 7839 6561 Produced by Peter Raw Editor: Dr Christopher W Corti Originated and Printed by: Trait Design

  27. PEDOMAN TEKNIS PENCEGAHAN PENCEMARAN DAN/ATAU KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP AKIBAT PERTAMBANGAN EMAS RAKYAT, Lampiran Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor : 23 Tahun 2008 Tanggal : 31 Desember 2008

  28. Michael Botz, OVERVIEW OF CYANIDE TREATMENT METHODS, Originally published as a booklet by The Gold Institute in August 1999
    Reprinted with permission of The Gold Institute, 1112 16th Street N.W., Suite 240, Washington, D.C. (USA) 20036

  29. Kimia Anorganik - Unsur Au, Available on the web at http://bagus-rahmat.blogspot.com/2008/06/kimia-anorganik-unsur-au.html

  30. Djauhari Noor, GEOLOGI LINGKUNGAN, terbitan Graha Ilmu, 2006.

  31. Djauhari Noor, GEOLOGI UNTUK PERENCANAAN, terbitan Graha Ilmu, 2011.

  32. Developments in the Processing of Refractory Complex Gold Ores.pdf presented by Alan Taylor, ALTA Metallurgical Services, Melbourne

  33. Lindayanti, "Penambanga Emas dan Perak Bengkulu", Jurnal dan Budaya volume 9 no. 2, 2007.

  34. HERBA SIHOMBING, PROSES TERJADINYA ENDAPAN EPITHERMAL, diposkan di http://herbasianaktambang.blogspot.com/

  35. Thomas Triadi Putranto, PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT MERKURI (Hg) PADA AIRTANAH dalam TEKNIK – Vol. 32 No. 1 Tahun 2011, ISSN 0852-1697

  36. Baris SAYINER, INFLUENCE OF LEAD NITRATE ON CYANIDE LEACHING OF GOLD AND SILVER FROM TURKISH GOLD ORES,  Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, ISSN 2084-4735 (online). Available on the web at www.minproc.pwr.wroc.pl/journal/

  37. Tim Penyusun, "KONSEP PEDOMAN TEKNIS INVENTARISASI BAHAN GALIAN TERTINGGAL PADA WILAYAH BEKAS TAMBANG EMAS ALUVIAL" ,
    Hasil Kegiatan Subdit Konservasi, TA.2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

Sumberdaya mineral adalah semua endapan mineral/bahan galian yang terdapat di bumi yang dapat dipakai untuk kebutuhan manusia. Sumberdaya mineral merupakan sumberdaya alam yang bersifat unrenewable (tidak dapat diperbaharui, sehingga bahan galian yang digali/ditambang secara terus menerus memungkinkan cadangan bahan galian akan terus berkurang dan akhimya habis sama sekali.

Paradigma pembangunan sektor mineral sudah berubah, oleh sebab itu peraturan perundang-undangan pertambangan yang baru nantinya diharapkan mampu meresponse perubahan ini terutama prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan yaitu manfaat ekonomi dan sosial melalui optimalisasi manfaat keberadaan suatu industri pertambangan dengan tetap memberikan perlindungan kepada lingkungan.

 

 

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